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Analysis of graphene samplesAnalysis of trace impurities with XRF (X-ray Fluorescence)D. Lisovytskiy et.al., IChF PAN 1. Substrate – graphite powder, ACROS product![]()
(XRF: X-ray fluorescence)
Cl(0.5%) > Fe(0.15%) > S(0.08%) = Ca(0.08%) > K(0.03%) > Cu(0.02%) > Ti(0.01%) > Ni(0.008%) 2. GO foilS(2.5%) > Ca(1%) > Mn(0.5%) > K(0.3%) > Cl(0.08%) = Fe(0.08%) > Cu(0.2%) = Zn(0.02%) > Ni(0.007%) > Cr(0.006%) 3. rGO powderCl(0.3%) > Mn(0.2%) > S(0.01%) = K(0.01%) = Fe(0.01%) > Ca(0.009%) > Cu(0.006%) > Ni(0.001%) C, H, N elemental analysisG. Trykowski et.al., WCh UMK ![]() Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for graphite, GO and rGOG. Trykowski et.al., WCh UMK ![]() Raman spectroscopyM. Mazurkiewicz, A. Małolepszy et.al., WIM PW ![]()
(FWHM – full width at half maximum)
FTIR spectroscopyM. Mazurkiewicz, A. Małolepszy et.al., WIM PW ![]() XPS analysis 1)![]() C and O atomic content in functional groups in GO, rGO and graphite by XPS 1)![]() XRD analysis 1)![]()
The 002 plane belongs to graphite powder (2Θ = 26.5 deg)
Resistivity of thin layer of GOL. Stobiński, NANOMATERIALS LS ![]() Absorbance measurementsJ. Szczytko et.al., IFD UW ![]() Band gap for GO is around 2.5 eV. Thin semiconducting GO layers are suitable for constructing a variety of nanosensors. Model of GO plateletL. Stobiński, NANOMATERIALS LS The average values are calculated from the XRD patterns. GO reveals stacked nanostructure of 21.7 nm (diameter) × 5.4 nm (height) with a distance of 0.89 nm between 6-7 graphene layers. ![]() Model of rGO plateletL. Stobiński, NANOMATERIALS LS The average values are calculated from the XRD patterns.
rGO reveals stacked nanostructure of 7.7 nm (diameter) ×
1.2 nm (height) with a distance of 0.37 nm between 2-4 graphene
layers. ![]() However, SEM and TEM images show GO and RGO platelets sizes reaching up to 50 µm. That can be explained that XRD “recognizes” each crease on the surface of the GO or RGO flakes and reduces artificially the size of every platelet. |
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